A Wack On The Side Of The Head Essay - 667 Words

Acute Ambiguity Roger von Oech, the author of A Whack on the Side of the Head, makes an unusual offer that thinking at random will increase the efficiency at which ideas become more abundant. This particular concept is certainly an original way to come up with new, fresh problem solving techniques. Ambiguity in the world can help new ideas flow for anyone when looked at in a creative way. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Chapter seven begins by explaining an example that would make the case against using ambiguity. In fact, the title of chapter seven is â€Å"Avoid Ambiguity†. While it is true that vague statements leave questions unanswered, the traditional idea behind gathering information is to find specific details and clear communicated†¦show more content†¦However, finding places to begin within a random pattern can be challenging. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Based on the random, ambiguous thinking technique, my wife and I used this method for a creative solution to figuring out how to decorate our nursery. We followed the different steps that the author suggests in order to come up with creative ideas. First, we asked ourselves the question, â€Å"What do we want out of the nursery?† Then, we opened the dictionary and picked a random definition to begin our thinking process. Next, we applied the random definition to the original question and came up with a nursery theme that the whole family can be proud of! nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Another original concept that this book brought to the attention of the reader is that of foolishness. There are definitely benefits to conformity such as civilized societies and workplaces, however, the author states that very few original ideas come about in a setting of conformity. This creative and even uncomfortable technique can be very effective. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In a world of conformity like our United States military, the lack of originality becomes overly abundant. The ideas that flow in a non-traditional setting produce beautiful art, timeless music, and priceless entertainment. It never hurts to ask the opinion of the least likely candidate for the answer because it is difficult to determine what the opinion will be. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This conceptShow MoreRelatedDon t Laugh At Me, Laugh With Me ! 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More than 205,000 new drugs are introduced in markets...

More than 205,000 new drugs are introduced in markets worldwide every year after undergoing various acceptance tests. Over decades, a large number of animals have been utilized for testing new drugs on them, so as to spare human life. This can be proved from the fact that early physician, scientists, such as Aristotle and Erasistratus performed experiments on living animals. Similarly, Galen who was a giant in the history of medicine conducted animal experiments to advance the understanding of Anatomy and the Pathology physiology. Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar) introduced animal testing as an experimental method for testing surgical procedures before applying them to human patients. But in the recent years, it is observed that the practice of using†¦show more content†¦Animals are used in the testing of drugs, vaccines and other medical devices to determine the safety of the medical product. This practice have contributed immensely to the medical field by saving many lives against dan gerous diseases.. The majority of drugs work through relative mechanisms and exercise the same effects in animals as they do in humans. In many cases, these effects are kenned from the utilization of animal subjects in the testing of drugs for human use. Every year several people die due to side effects of medicines they take. This cause of death is rated as the fourth biggest killer in the western world. Many people argue that animal testing is cruel. In some cases this is right. But it would be much more brutal to test initial drugs on human beings and then let them die because there was not enough information about that particular drug. Moreover, most of the countries have set standards that have to be followed in order to prevent cruelty while testing drugs on animals. Medical research involving animals has significantly changed and improved the health of the human race. Without animal testing, the remedy for polio would not manage to survive and diabetics would suffer or die from their disease. In spite of these benefits, some people believe that animals should be not be utilized for testing medical techniques and drugs. Animal testing sanctions scientists to test and engender incipient drugs. Animals suchShow MoreRelatedGsk Annual Report 2010135604 Words   |  543 PagesDo more, feel better, live longer GlaxoSmithKline Annual Report 2010 Contents Business review P08–P57 Governance and remuneration P58–P101 Financial statements P102–P191 Shareholder information P192–P212 Business review 2010 Performance overview Research and development Pipeline summary Products, competition and intellectual property Regulation Manufacturing and supply World market GSK sales performance Segment reviews Responsible business Financial review 2010 Financial position and resourcesRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With oYces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland

Salem witch trials1 Essay Example For Students

Salem witch trials1 Essay Historical Overview and Brief AnalysisAmidst millenniums of debate, argument, and conflict concerning racial prejudges and those issues which surround their implementation, there has consistently existed a certain historical prejudice regarding various stereotypical ideas for those things which people can not understand or explain logically. While more contemporary examples of such circumstances include concepts such as McCarthyism, it is generally accepted that the most classic example of all such social tragedies based on fear and ignorance is that of the colonial eras Salem Witch Trials. While Mc Carthyism was illustrated as a widespread fear of communism that led the United States to pursue unnecessary investigations, imprisonments, and often unprovoked acts against those who were often only remotely accused of being a dreaded communist, the Salem witch trials led to well over a dozen executions of local women accused of practicing witchcraft and directly associating themselves with evil magic. Although the two historical periods were parallel in their nature and content, it can be argued the much earlier witch trials were the more severely inhumane and irrational as they rendered a constant trend of senseless deaths with little or no justice ever prevailing. The Salem witch trials were held during the year 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts Bay Colony. Beginning in May of that year, the proceedings led to the hanging deaths of nineteen suspected witches and the imprisonment of many others over the five months that would follow. The courtroom episodes of those being tried for witchery were complete, and utter travesties of justice. Women were actually considered guilty as accused until proven innocent. In addition to the known hangings, other cruel forms of punishment such as the burning of witches on a stake and the slow torturous human crushings by brick are evidenced to have existed as Salems justice for their alleged witches. (Brown., Pages 37-41;43). That which is said to have initiated the trials and related hysteria has become an historical irony in our time and is the subject of many contemporary jokes and theatrical performances. Caused by the accusations of a few young girls against women in the Salem community; a special court was co nvened; and trials grew quickly into socially stereotypical prejudices regarding any women seen acting out of or performing witchery. Within time the social chaos did not even exclude Salems more prestigious women as the local governors wife was even implicated in accusations of witchcraft. The dramatic irony is re-exemplified through an examination of the young ladies who intentionally lied to a religious authority and created the spark to cause the fire. Based entirely on their beliefs and accusations, the fear and ignorance of an entire town led to hundreds of imprisonments and nearly two scores of senseless deaths. (Brown; Pp. 67-74). When community leaders did finally begin to cast doubt on evidence; special court was dissolved and those imprisoned were pardoned. Eventually indemnities were paid to the families of those killed yet of the three judges who presided over the trials, only Samuel Sewall admitted error in a public statement The Salem witch trials were clearly Americas most notorious episode of witchcraft. The actual practice of witch persecution, is not however one created in North America at all. The belief in witchcraft was carried to colonial America from Europe, where in the two centuries before 1650 thousands had been executed as witches. The Salem incident, as I wrote, began when two young girls in the household of the Reverend Samuel Parris began to behave oddly. The girls had participated in meetings at which incantations had been cast and attempts made to foretell the future. They were examined by a doctor, ministers, and magistrates, who all concluded that they were bewitched. The resulting f renzy spread rapidly and the new royal governor, Sir William Phips, established a special seven-member court in which to try the prisoners. Jurors were drawn from church membership lists, and the chained defendants had no counsel. In early June, Bridget Bishop was convicted. A brief delay followed because somejudges were uneasy about the validity of spectral evidence such as testimony givenby witnesses about voices or apparitions perceived only by them. The trials were resumed after several leading ministers advised the court that such evidence might be used, but only with exquisite caution. By September 22, the court had tried and convicted twenty-seven persons. Nineteen were hanged, and one, Giles Corey, was said to have been pressed to death by stones. In addition, about fifty had actually confessed, one hundred were in prison awaiting trial, and accusations had touched another two hundred on top of that. (Hansen, Pp 103-111;133-114). Cause And Effect Essay On SmokingIn 1994, the events of the Salem Witch Trials and McCarthyism are viewed as unjust and even barbaric. It is however necessary to consider the standard cliche of relative history; those involved at the time believed that they were doing right. Therefore from a more philosophical perspective it is possible to question the validity of our contemporary justice system; Have we created yet another witch-hunt for terrorists ?For probably as long as there is society, there will exist things which we do not understand and things which we can not rationally explain. As long as there such questionable items; there will exist ignorance and over-dramatized fear. So even today, as we stare into the skies and question the existence of U.F.Os, I wonder only if we will ever advance and stop holding Salem Witch trials. Arnold and Nissembaum, Stephen, Salem Possessed: Printed in 1974 Brown, David, The Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692. Printed in 1984. Hansen, C., Witchcraft at Salem. Printed in 1987. Gitterich, K. McCarthyism. Printed in 1979. Miller, Arthur. The Crucible. Re-printed in 1986. With an Emphasis on The Crucible and McCarthyismGurko, Leo. The Heroic Impulse in The Old Man and the Sea.Bibliography:

Principles of Logistics Management Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Principles of Logistics Management. Answer: Introduction Background and Purpose of the Report The purpose of the report is to analyze the current operations of a manufacturing company in terms of linking the same with logistics functions. It focuses on analyzing the interfaces between logistics functions with the production, marketing and accounts and finance activities of the manufacturing firm. Further, effective analysis and recommendations are taken to be rendered associated with the order cycle and the inventory management functions of the manufacturing organization. Both empirical and case study related research is taken to be undertaken for understanding and evaluating the effectiveness and potential of the logistics functions of the manufacturing firm with order cycle and inventory management activities conducted by it. The report would thus help in reflecting on the practical effectiveness of the theoretical directions concerning logistics management activities regarding manufacturing organizations. Overview of DyStar Group DyStar Group established during 1995 in terms of a joint venture between two companies Hoechst AG and Bayer Textile Dyes operates as a market leader in manufacturing dyestuff and chemicals and also in generation of coloring solutions. DyStar Group serves its customers through the generation of different types of colorants, effective chemicals and also other types of services. A timeline of DyStar Group is reflected as follows. DyStar Group renders innovative services and solutions to the textile industry while also providing services to other sectors like paints, packaging industry, coatings and also paper products. It also serves other sectors like food and beverage and also personal care through the generation of different types of chemical solutions and products. The service divisions of DyStar Group essentially focus on providing assistance to different types of brands, retail institutions and also other types of industry partners in terms of operating through effective supply chains that helps both in reducing lead times and also the supply chain and distribution costs. Moreover, DyStar also works based on the basis of an econfidence program that generates assurance regarding the meeting of legal compliances of its chemical products and solutions(DyStar Singapore Pte Ltd, 2017). The Interfaces: Interface between Logistics and Production An effective interface between logistics and production is associated to the duration required for meeting of the production operations. Operational efficiency is determined in terms of existence of long range production runs with infrequent amount of changeovers. However, production operations carried out for longer durations tend to result in some finished products while also limits the supplies of other types of merchandises(Rushton, Croucher, Baker, 2017). Production managers are thus required to evaluate the benefits and challenges associated to both long and short term production activities and the impact of such on the inventory position of the firm. Manufacturing or production firms are observed to focus on the development of short-term production functions and essentially focus on reducing the cost and time associated to shifting of production activities from one product line to another(Coyle, Langley, Novack, Gibson, 2012). Optimization of logistics in DyStar contributes in reducing the amount of space required for transportation of cargo from one region to another. The same helps in reducing wastage of cargo space while also generate fuel efficiency and reduction of transportation costs. Production sites are planned in areas with proximity to potential customer bases. The optimization of the logistics space enabled by trucks contributes in generating needed efficiency. Development of satellite warehouses at different regions and provision of consignment stocks to potential buyers are identified as two activities for enhancing productivity of land transportation systems. For long distances, DyStar focuses on sea freight logistic systems compared to air freight owing to increased cost of the latter(DyStar Group , 2016). Interface between Logistics and Marketing The logistics function of an organization bears effective relation with the marketing activities of the firm in that the outbound systems or development of distribution networks plays a key aspect in selling of a product. The interface between marketing and logistics function can be further studied based on the incorporation of 4Ps like product, price, place and promotional elements of the marketing mix. Regarding product, the logistics department is concerned with the different dimensions like size, shape, volume and weight of the product in that effective packaging is required to be provided thereof. Knowledge about the above dimensions also helps in generation of effective storage of such products and also in estimating use of logistics space(Christopher Peck, 2012). In terms of pricing delivery of large quantities of products enables the shipper to save costs regarding logistics operation. Saving on logistics costs thus helps the marketer or producer to render discounts and rebates to the ultimate customer. The place parameter focuses on evaluating the type of distribution network favored by the firm. Distribution networks that are wholesale bounded are observed to reflect reduced amount of logistics compared to that of retailers needing frequent use of logistics(Min, 2015). Relating to promotional aspects it is the duty of the marketer generating promotions or sales to rightly collaborate with the logistics team for generation of the right amount of products ordered by the customers within the stipulated period. In DyStar land based distribution functions are aptly catered based on truck based transports such that the same helps in reaching merchandises to customers in a cost effective fashion. For long distances, logistics system enabled based on sea transport are favored compared to air transport systems for reducing costs(DyStar Group , 2016). Interface between Logistics and Accounts and Finance Apart from production and marketing, logistics also bears an effective relation with the accounts and finance department of a business institution. Logistics functions tend to potentially affect the Return on Assets (ROA) or the Return on Investments (ROI) of a firm. Accumulation of unused inventory levels negatively affects the ROA of the company and vice-versa. Again, increase in the level of costs regarding transportation and warehousing also tend to affect the ROI levels of the organization. Similarly, the accounts and finance department also focus on evaluating the amount of returns gained based on the investments rendered regarding development of logistics functions(Kasilingam, 2012). In DyStar the management focuses on generation of full loads of transport such that the same helps in optimization of space and thereby in reducing costs associated with fuel and logistics space(DyStar Group , 2016). Order Cycle The order cycle of DyStar reflects that the offers rendered by the seller are not binding based on different parameters like price of the merchandises, quantity to be delivered, time at which the delivery is required to be carried out and finally the availability of the product. On the contrary, the offer put forward by the buyer requires to be implemented by the seller in that it stands binding on the latter owing to the buyers acceptance of the invoice generated by the seller. The seller is thereby required to put into effect the delivery as quickly as possible. The seller is thereby not required to fix different times of delivery. However, in cases where an agreement regarding time of delivery is agreed between the buyer and seller, the latter is required to incorporate the actions of the suppliers for delivering the right amount and pattern of products to the buyers. The delivery is required to be carried out in a punctual fashion such that the delivery date is ascertained as the specific date at which the merchandises have reached the buyers. The seller has the right for selecting both the route and also the transport mode for delivering the products to the customer. The cost required to be incurred for meeting of special delivery is required to be borne by the buyer on account of the demand made by the latter(DyStar , 2014). The order processing system of a manufacturing firm is reflected as follows. In terms of packaging, DyStar focuses on the generation of recycled and reused packaging such that the same can be used in a repetitive fashion along future periods(DyStar , 2012). The responsiveness of the Order Processing System of DyStar can be effectively enhanced through the incorporation of information technology. The IT enabled order processing system contributes in effective tracking of the merchandises location, movement of the merchandise along different locations and also the credit standing of the customer. The computer instantly contributes in the generation of the shipment order, bills for the customers, updating inventory records, helps in replenishment of stocks and also intimates the sales representative regarding the actual situation of the order. Incorporation of Information Technology ideally contributes in speeding up the order processing system and also enhances the effectiveness of the system leading to reduction of discrepancies(Venkataraman Pinto, 2017). Inventory Management DyStar operating as a manufacturing company in the ambit of chemical industry is required to handle large amounts of inventory for meeting the diverse needs of its customers and other stakeholder groups. The firm focuses on optimizing on its inventory volumes for enhancing the revenue and return generation capacity on the investments made concerning the carrying out of the production functions. DyStar depending on the production and delivery of products that are affected by price volatility is observed to suffer from the unpredictable nature of the inventory amounts. Standardization of the inventory levels for DyStar stands as a prerequisite in cases where the company is required to focus on the development of stock keeping function for meeting of key needs of local and regional markets. Further, effective inventory volumes are required to be rightly planned for meeting of contingencies such that the same is integrated with logistics, sales and procurement activities. Planning of eff ective inventory volumes rightly help in managing shutdowns of supplier units and also changes in consumer demands(Kirschstein, 2015). DyStar can effectively focus on working based on real time inventory tracking mechanisms such that it needs to incorporate agile breakthroughs based on the incorporation of Radio Frequency Identification or RFID Bar Codes for its products and also Point-of-Sales scanners across sales outlets, warehouses and supplier stations. The incorporation of POS Scanners would help in ideally tracking the movement of merchandises along the different centres such that the same would help in enhancing the effectiveness of inventory tracking while also in evaluating the changes in consumer behavior and demands. Data collected through the use of POS Scanners is transmitted over the ERP Software for helping the different stakeholders gain effective access to such data for inventory/stock planning and management purposes. Effective stocking of needed inventory can be planned through the synchronization of logistics and transportation mechanisms for reaching of stocks to the manufacturing units on time for meeting the objectives of Just-in-Time (JIT) mechanism (Stern, 2017). Conclusion The report effectively analyses the different interfaces that were generated between the logistics functions carried out by DyStar, a dye and product manufacturing company with its production, marketing and finance and accounts functions. The case study of DyStar is analyzed based on the incorporation of empirical research associated to the study of books, reports and other potential literature. Further, the current order processing and inventory management system of DyStar is also analyzed in the report based on the incorporation of theoretical inputs. The current order cycle of DyStar is recommended to be enhanced through the incorporation of Information Technology tools while the inventory management systems of the company are taken to be enhanced based on the generation of needed agility. References Christopher, M., Peck, H. (2012). Marketing Logistics. New York : Routledge . Coyle, J. J., Langley, C. J., Novack, R. A., Gibson, B. (2012). Supply Chain Management: A Logistics Perspective. United States : Cengage Learning. DyStar . (2014). General Conditions of Sale and Delivery. Retrieved October 1, 2017, from https://www.dystar.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/GeneralConditionsofSale.pdf DyStar . (2012). Sustainability Report . Singapore: DyStar. DyStar Group . (2016). Sustainability Performance Report. Singapore : DyStar Group . DyStar Singapore Pte Ltd. (2017). About DyStar Group. Retrieved September 30, 2017, from https://www.dystar.com/about-dystar-group/ Kasilingam, R. G. (2012). Logistics and Transportation: Design and planning. United Kingdom : Springer. Kirschstein, T. (2015). Integrated Supply Chain Planning in Chemical Industry: Potentials of Simulation in Network Planning. United Kingdom : Springer. Kuljanic, E. (2014). AMST'99 - Advanced Manufacturing Systems and Technology: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference. United Kingdom : Springer. Min, H. (2015). The Essentials of Supply Chain Management: New Business Concepts and Applications. United States : FT Press. Rushton, A., Croucher, P., Baker, P. (2017). The Handbook of Logistics and Distribution Management: Understanding the Supply Chain. United States : Kogan Page Publishers. Stern, T. V. (2017). Lean and Agile Project Management: How to Make Any Project Better, Faster, and More Cost Effective. United Kingdom : CRC PrEss. Venkataraman, R. R., Pinto, J. K. (2017). Operations Management: Managing Global Supply Chains. United Kingdom : SAGE.

The Scarlet Letter Reference to Mirrors Essay Example For Students

The Scarlet Letter: Reference to Mirrors Essay Darci FordMrs. HortonEnglish III-APMonday, January 18, 1999Nathaniel Hawthorne has a sufficient reason for repeatedly making reference to mirrorsthroughout his refined novel, The Scarlet Letter. The use of mirrors in the story serve a beneficialpurpose of giving the reader a window to the characters soul. The truth is always portrayed inthe authors mirrors; thus, his introspective devices will continuously point out the flaws to whomgazes in it. Hesters A has now become the most noticeable part of not only her physicalfeatures, but her spiritual being. The reflection of Pearl Prynne uncovers her hard shell and bringsout the loneliness, the innocent recklessness, and the wild beauty within her. ReverendDimesdales image only radiates the dark, gloomy truth of his impurities. The looking glassNathaniel Hawthorne places in front of his characters, therefore, focuses on the realms that eachbeholder attempts to hide from the world around them. In chapter two while Hester is standing on the scaffold, she tries to run from reality byreminiscing of her youth. At that moment, she saw her own face, glowing with girlish beauty,and illuminating all the interior of the dusky mirror in which she had been wont to gaze at it. Sadly, the mirror will never again give Hester that immaculate reflection. Instead, the image willalways resemble that of the breastplate at the governors mansion in chapter seven, owing to thepeculiar effect of this convex mirror, the scarlet letter was represented in exaggerated andgigantic proportions, so as to be greatly the most prominent feature to her appearance. Ironically, the two symbols of her sin and suffering, the scarlet letter and Pearl, are now the mostsignificant elements of her life. Hester is no longer looked at as a woman in society, and in themirror, she seemed absolutely hidden behind it (the scarlet letter). As for her child, that lookof naughty merriment was likewise reflected in the mirror, with so much breadth and intensity ofeffe ct, that it made Hester Prynne feel as if it could not be the image of her own child, but of animp who was seeking to mold itself into Pearls shape. Pearls mischievous looks are magnifiedin the mirroring surface to remind Hester that her child is in fact a part of the punishment of hersin. Once this freakish, elvish cast came into the childs eyes while Hester was looking at herown image in them. . . . she fancied that she beheld, not her own miniature portrait, but anotherface, in the small black mirror of Pearls eye. It was a face, fiendlike, full of smiling malice, yetbearing the resemblance of features that she had known full well, through seldom with a smile,and never with malice in them. This is another indicator in chapter six that Pearls presencedoes in fact haunt Hester. It also speaks the truth that Roger Chillingworth is not the same manhe once was, and Hester will continue to be haunted by him also. Nathaniel Hawthornes use of mirrors plays a crucial part in portraying th e hidden side ofPearl Prynne. Though Pearl has a reputation to be of witchcraft and gives the reader animpression of being a brat, the child has a very fragile and endearing soul that wanders on theother side of the mirroring surface. In chapter fourteen by the ocean, Pearl came to a full stop,and peeped curiously into a pool, left by the retiring tide as a mirror for Pearl to see her face in. Forth peeped at her, out of the pool, with dark glistening curls around her head and an elf-smilein her eyes, the image of a little maid, whom Pearl, having no other playmate, invited to take herhand and run a race with her. The reflecting pool portrays Pearl as an innocent and beautifulchild who is very lonely. That is very understandable, for Pearl is not like the other children; heronly two friends are nature and her mother, Hester. In chapter fifteen, Pearl flirted fancifullywith her own image in a pool of water, beckoning the phantom forth, andas it declinedventureseeking a passage for he rself into its sphere of impalpable earth and unattainable sky. Soon finding however, that either she or the image was unreal, she turned elsewhere for betterpastime. Pearls reflection is very real, and chapter sixteen smoothly continues this concept throughanother body of waterthe brook in the forest. Pearl resembled the brook, inasmuch as thecurrent of her life gushed from. . . . like the voice of a young child that was spending its infancywithout playfulness, and knew not how to be merry among sad acquaintance and events ofsomber hue. As interpreted through the description of the brook, Pearl lacked many simpleencumbrances growing up, and therefore, lacks sympathy and emotions that numerous individualstake for granted. In chapter nineteen, Pearls alliance to nature is clearly shown as the brookchanced to form a pool, so smooth and quiet that it reflected a perfect image of her little figure,with all the brilliant picturesqueness of her beauty, in its adornment of flowers and wrea thedfoliage, but more refined and spiritualized than the reality. Nathaniel Hawthorne was wise touse the forest brook in relation to Pearl, for she is untamed like the forest. Branching from thatwild gift within Pearl, the wrath she is compelled to carry is also lustered through the brook thatflows beneath her. Seen in the brook, once more, was the shadowy wrath of Pearls image,crowned and girdled with flowers, but stamping its foot, wildly gesticulating, and, in the midst ofit all, still pointing its small forefinger at Hesters bosom! The speculum reveals the hard truththat Pearl is a part of the scarlet letter, and that she feels emotionally nonexistent when sherealizes her mother had abandoned the emblem on the ground. The weak mortality of Reverend Dimesdale is also depicted by Nathaniel Hawthornesexercise of mirrors throughout the novel. In chapter eleven, Arthur is desperate to flush away hissins and absorb righteousness back into his soul. He kept vigils, likewise, night afte r night. . . . .uae482822879879fcb15a4189b714e051 , .uae482822879879fcb15a4189b714e051 .postImageUrl , .uae482822879879fcb15a4189b714e051 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uae482822879879fcb15a4189b714e051 , .uae482822879879fcb15a4189b714e051:hover , .uae482822879879fcb15a4189b714e051:visited , .uae482822879879fcb15a4189b714e051:active { border:0!important; } .uae482822879879fcb15a4189b714e051 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uae482822879879fcb15a4189b714e051 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uae482822879879fcb15a4189b714e051:active , .uae482822879879fcb15a4189b714e051:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uae482822879879fcb15a4189b714e051 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uae482822879879fcb15a4189b714e051 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uae482822879879fcb15a4189b714e051 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uae482822879879fcb15a4189b714e051 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uae482822879879fcb15a4189b714e051:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uae482822879879fcb15a4189b714e051 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uae482822879879fcb15a4189b714e051 .uae482822879879fcb15a4189b714e051-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uae482822879879fcb15a4189b714e051:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Good Ancestors Like Dandelions Essay We will write a custom essay on The Scarlet Letter: Reference to Mirrors specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now sometimes, viewing his own face in a looking glass, by the most powerful light which he couldthrow upon it. Unfortunately, Nathaniel Hawthornes mirrors show no mercy. He thustypified the constant introspection wherewith he tortured, but could not purify, himself. Littledoes Arthur know that the looking glass is only functions as a tool to represent truth, and inactuality, the reverend is not acquitted of his sins. The very limited light that shines onto thelooking glass is used to burn deep into the ministers soul, grasp the shameful secret he hideswithin his heart, and shine the consequences back in his face over and over again. In theselengthened vigils, his brain often reeled and visions seemed to flit before him perhaps seendoubtfully, and by a faint light of their own, in the remote dimness of the chamber, or morevividly, and close beside him, within the looking glass. Reverend Dimesdale tried to overcomethese ghastly images, but he couldnt fight the fact that they were, in one sense, the truest andmost substantial things which the poor minister now dealt with. The looking glass franklyreveals that Reverend Dimesdales existence now relies on the anguish in his inmost soul. Within The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne analyzes his main characters distinctionsthrough his use of mirrors. By using this device of imagery, the reader of the novel can easilygrasp Nathaniel Hawthornes dark opinions of the world, man, society and their relationships toeach other. Most importantly, the author wants to exhibit to the reader the close relationshipbetween good and evil, and the importance in telling the truth under all circumstances. NathanielHawthorne has done a wonderful job in this piece of literature by referring to mirrors as a tool todig into the truth of the human heart.

History of Chechnya essays

History of Chechnya essays For the most part the people of Chechnya welcomed revolution of the tsar in the February 1917. The Union of the People of Caucasus involving Chechens was founded that spring. The Chechen society hoped this organization would provide national revival with new institutions under local rule. The Highlanders welcomed the Bolshevik slogans of individual freedom, freedom of faith, equality, land for farmers and the granting of the right for self-determination to the oppressed people and even secession. Beginning of Soviet rule in Chechnya Bolsheviks solved national and social issues as a part of the proletarian class struggle. Chechens received a tough regime alien to their traditions of social and economic system instead of the promised freedom, equality, land, independence, respect to national traditions and religion. A method of divide and rule was applied by the Bolsheviks which in turn started rivalry between various ethnic and religious groups of the highlanders society. The hostile villages were leveled to ground by artillery attacks and the people left were either executed or deported. The Bolsheviks forces more easily establish law and order in large the cities of Chechnya however they had difficulty controlling the mountain regions. Communists directed Ingushs against Chechens, Chechen highlanders against lowlanders. At the same time native Communists who enjoyed authority among people were appointed to leading posts in the party and the government. Under the pressure of the central party leaders the introduction of the Soviet style of life had been stepped up in Chechnya. Stalinist repression in the 1930s During the beginning of Stalins rule a large military operation was carried out in Chechnya in to disarm the autonomous region of Chechnya and capture the leaders of counter-revolution. An official report said that 333 rebels were killed and another 150 injured during the uprising. ...

Research Paper on Whipple's Disease (Epidemiology Course) Proposal

Paper on Whipple's Disease (Epidemiology Course) - Research Proposal Example As earlier noted, it was the year 1907 when GH Whipple was able to discover the existence of Whipple's disease. He primarily noted it as a disease that affects the intestinal systems of the body and is caused by the bacterial Tropheryma Whipplei. It could be observed the disease first affects the function of the small intestines as the said part of the body intends to distribute nutrients to the body during absorption. Hence, because of this fact, it could be expected that once the disease develops in the small intestine, it is sure that the entire body system shall then suffer from the said failure. From this point, Whipple recognized that the disease is a fatal matter once it is not given the right attention needed. Although there had been some developed cure, it is still strongly suggested by medical experts that this particular disease be prevented well through regular bowel check ups. It is through the bowel of a patient that the said disease is being recognized. Likely, because of the malfunction of the small intestines, the bowel also becomes loose. With masses of fat present in the bowel, Whipple's Disease naturally is depicted as the (040.2) intestinal lipodystrophy as its ICD description. It could be observed that its name was transformed as Whipple's disease as an honor to the one who was able to state it as a real disease, an epidemic that is dangerous to human kind. II. NATURAL HISTORY The disease usually begins with regular illnesses that might not be easily detected immediately as a part of Whipple's disease. Undoubtedly, this is the reason why the disease only becomes eminent after two years of understanding and diagnosing the situation upon a patient. At some point, it could be said that the major implicative symptoms of the disease may not be easily detected. Because of the prolonged development of the situation, the function of the small intestine begins to weaken slowly, giving a time for the patient to care less about the said matter. However, as noted above, not treating the symptoms early might cause fatal dangers to the patient being affected by Whipple's disease. To understand the different symptoms further, here are the lists of the said events and body-conditions needed to be looked out for: (a)Typical diarrhea: A typical diarrhea usually lasts for three to four days and then ends. Usually, the return of the illness comes along not within three or four months after the previous diarrhea. However, in the case of Whipple's disease, the matter becomes a serious situation, whereas the patient begins to feel awful of diarrhea almost regularly within the first two months of the development of the disease. (b) abdominal cramping: this may happen due to the stressed status of the small intestines. Besides that, diarrhea itself could cause the pain, especially if the situation keeps on recurring between shorter times of relapse. (c)Fast Wight Loss: Because of constant diarrhea along with the maldistribution of the nutrients to the body, the weight of the patient is likely to drop from normal to state of malnutrition.

Analyzing Different Sources of Recruitment Assignment

Analyzing Different Sources of Recruitment - Assignment Example Some of the most widely used sources of recruitment include both internal and external sources. The internal sources include internal company database, employee reference s. The external sources of recruitment include internet/ online mediums, Employment agencies, educational institutions, job fairs and ads in print media. This section of the study looks to provide a comparative analysis of all the sources (Bhattacharya, 2009, p. 225). Some of the major advantages of using internal sources are: The overall morale of the employees are quite high, The Company can assess the attitude towards work as well as ability due to prior work actions. The internal recruiting sources are much less costly than the external sources. Internal recruiting can work as a motivating force for good performances by the existing employees. The process of internal recruiting usually aids the succession planning process, future promotions as well as career development. The firm can actually hire people at the entry level and then move those employees up the ladder based on experience and performance. This will help the company to retain employees and save cost. There are some disadvantages of internal recruitment also. The inbreeding of employees may lead to a less diverse workforce. People not getting promotions may experience a low degree of morale; some may actually indulge in a political tug of war. Most of the time developmental progra ms are required to transfer employees into a supervisory role. Managers may resist employees being promoted to other departments. Employment agencies are organizations that bridge the gap between employers and employees. Such agencies provide advantages to employees as well as employers. Employees can have look at offers that are not advertised, reduces the cost and time involved in sending CV to the employers. It provides a lot more choices of companies and industries to the employers.

Fashion and False Hype Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fashion and False Hype - Essay Example What do you plan to accomplish with this essay? What do you hope the reader takes away from this argument? This is intended to illuminate the truth behind the fascination of fashion trends and fashion industry. During the research for this Rogerian essay, I came across with some critical aspects regarding the social inequality and individual’s social behaviour in which fashion plays a significant role. I aimed to deliver the grave negative factors which fashion industry implies on society. 2. What did you learn from completing this assignment? Did you experience a new understanding of the topic? Did you change your perspective after completing the research? I learnt about the ideals of modernity which is highly constructed on the bases of the principle of equality. In addition, I was exposed to the social role of fashion in our lives which have significantly negative impact on our society. Most importantly, I found the alternative ways to spend money rather on following fashio n trends and wasting too much money on fashion wears. 3. What difficulties did you encounter during the research, writing, or editing phases of the assignment? There were few difficulties mainly in the understanding of the criticality which this argument contains. The biggest reason is my presuppositions about fashion and fashion industry which were well conforming to the developed stature of fashion. The deliverance of the argument in which fashion leads to self centric thinking in writing was a challenging task for me. 4. What did you enjoy about this assignment? The most interesting factor in this assignment was the involvement of both, supporting arguments and the critiques. The aspects which are the positive aspects of fashion are, on the other hand, have negative aspects which are more intense than the positive implications. 5. What made you decide to write about this particular topic?  Is this a topic that you are discussing in another course?  Is this a topic that concer ns you in particular? As we all know that fashion is one of the most important parts of our lives. My interest in fashion leads me to explore about it and the research made me develop the argument against fashion and fashion industry. I am immensely concerned with fashion which made me chose this topic for this assignment. 6. Is there anything else you would like for me to know before reading your essay? It poses an intense critique regarding fashion in contemporary world and it largely deals with social and humanistic aspects which are associated with fashion and fashion industry. [Student’s Name] [Instructor’s Name] [Course Title] [Date] Fashion and False Hype Introduction and Claim Fashion has become one of the most necessary industries in the contemporary world of modern age. Numerous trends in fashion are being acquired by millions of individuals in concordance with their regions, religions and cultures. Almost every single individual in this world aims to appear good and attractive. This desire of millions is fulfilled with those trends of fashion which are produced by the global fashion industry. From a child to teenager and from a young adult to middle aged individual, every single individual spends large amounts on meeting the fashion trends in the contemporary times. As fashion has become an essential part of today’s life, there are numerous negative aspects which are associated with the fashion industry. It consumes a good amount of time and money to keep one’s self updated with the latest trends of fashion along with the unjust which is associated with the labours working in the fashion industry (Cross 155-161). Despite the fact that fashion has become an essential part of the contemporary life but the number of negative aspects involved in fashion propose that the importance of

Development Of A Hybrid Electric Vehicle Engineering Essay

Development Of A Hybrid Electric Vehicle Engineering Essay The term HYBRID VEHICLE refers to a vehicle which uses two or more distinct power sources of energy to move the vehicle. The term commonly refers to HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES (HEVs), which is a combination of an internal combustion engine and one or more Electric motors. The intention of the presence of electric powertrain is intended for either improving the fuel economy or better performance. 1.1 History of Hybrid Electric Cars The seeds for the invention of Hybrid Electric Vehicles were laid a century ago i.e., in 1900. The first hybrid electric vehicle, Mixte was developed in 1900 at Lohner Coach Factory by Ferdinand Porsche. This is a 4WD series-hybrid version, includes a pair of generators driven by 2.5 hp Daimler IC engines to extend its operating range ad could travel nearly 40miles on battery itself and was presented in Paris Auto Show in 1901. Mixte used gasoline engine powering a generator, this in turn powers up electric hub motor, and reached a speed of 50 kmph and a power of 5.22 kW in 20 minutes. Knight neftal produced a hybrid racing car in 1902. In 1905, H. Piper filed a patent for hybrid vehicle in US. In 1915 Dual Power, Woods Motor Vehicle electric car maker had a four cylinder IC engine and an electric motor. This car ran up to a speed of 24kmph on the electric motor alone, drawing the power from battery and after this speed, the IC engine took the car up to its 56kmph which was its top speed. Later in 1915, a Canadian company produced the first car for sale. Woods Motor Vehicle company in Chicago released the first gasoline-electric hybrid car in 1917.the hybrid was a failure commercially, proving to be too slow for its price, and its difficulty to service. The working prototype that is being used in most recent HEV was designed by Victor Wouk. His work on the HEVs in 1960s and 1970s earned him the title as The Godfather of the Hybrid. Wouk installed a hybrid drive train having 16 KW electric motor into the, Buick Skylark provided by GM. The Regenerative braking system, an important production concept for most of the HEVs was designed by David Arthurs in 1978 and used for the first time on Opel GT. The vehicle exhibited a fuel efficiency of 3.1L/100km.Audi launched its first edition of Audi Duo, an experimental vehicle in 1989. It is a plug-in parallel hybrid with 9.4 KW, Siemens electric motor and a Ni-Cd battery to supply energy to the motor which drive the rear wheels. Esparante GTR-Q9 was the first petrol engine to take part in the race at Le Mans. Later, the car finished second in class at Petit Le Mans same year, i.e., in 1998. Hybrid technology became familiar within the automobile industry in the late 1990s. All the automobile companies came to know about the social awareness of the customer, and then the mass production of the hybrid electric vehicles was started. The first of that kind is Toyota Prius in Japan, Honda Insight launched in 1999 in United States and Japan. Now, all the leading automobile manufacturers like Jaguar, Ford, Lexus, and Peugeot were on to the production of the hybrid electric vehicles. This may lead to a revolution in the automobile industry in near future. Briefing the Technologies Being Used in HEVs These days, many research laboratories and firms are working on the development of hybrid electric vehicles. These bodies are recruiting the individuals from all technical backgrounds such as mechanical, automotive, electrical, electronics. So that, they can concentrate on each and every aspect of the vehicle, that can lead to the development of the vehicle irrespective of its technical aspects. For e.g., NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) is one of the kind of researching bodies, actively researching on the various aspects of fuel cells and vehicles that run using the power generated from the fuel cells. Fuel cell vehicles are much likely as of hybrid vehicles with diesel or petrol engines. Modern HEVs are using many technologies which can improve the efficiency of the vehicle like Regenerative braking. This converts kinetic energy of the vehicle into electrical energy, instead of wasting it in the form of heat energy as like in conventional braking systems. Some HEVs use IC engines to generate electricity like an electrical generator, either to recharge the batteries or to empower the electric drive motors directly. Many HEVs are reducing the emissions at idle by stopping the IC engine and restarting when it is needed, this is known as start-stop system. External torque will be applied to the differentials when the electric powertrain is acting, which leads to the better performance of the HE vehicle. Components of a Hybrid Electric vehicle The structure of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle is much likely as that of an ordinary gasoline powered vehicle. The distinguishing factor is that a hybrid car will have one or more electric motors alongside which can improve gas mileage. Note: In the case of Toyota Prius, car runs solely by electricity when driven under a speed of 30 Mph. Figure : Structure of a basic Hybrid Electric Vehicle 1.3.1 Gasoline Engine The gasoline engine in a hybrid electric car is like as that of an ordinary internal combustion engine. However, the engine is smaller comparatively and uses advanced technologies which can result in reducing emission and more efficiency. 1.3.2 Fuel Tank The fuel tank of the hybrid electric vehicle acts as the fuel storage device for IC engine. Batteries can also be called as a fuel tank in the case of hybrid electric vehicles, as it stores the electricity produced and supplies when needed to the electric motor. 1.3.3 Electric Motor The electric motor in a hybrid electric vehicle is very small and essential component to make it a hybrid. Day to day advance in electronics allows electric motor to act as a motor as well as a generator. For e.g. it draws energy from the battery to accelerate the vehicle, when needed. But, while acting as a generator, it slows down the car and returns the energy back into the batteries. 1.3.4 Batteries The batteries in the hybrid electric vehicle are the devices meant to store the energy which is needed for the electric motor. Unlike, the gasoline in the fuel tank, only power the gasoline engine, the electric motor of a hybrid electric vehicle can charge the batteries as well as draw energy from them. 1.3.5 Transmission The transmission in a hybrid electric vehicle performs the same basic function as a transmission that of a conventional car. Generator The generator is much similar to electric motor, but it can only produce electric power. Generator is mostly used in the series hybrid electric cars. 1.4Available power sources for Hybrid vehicle The available sources of energy includes the following Rechargeable Energy Resource System, RESS Petrol or Diesel Hydrogen Compressed Air Liquid Nitrogen Electricity Solar Energy Rechargeable energy resource system (RESS) A Rechargeable energy resource system or RESS is a system which stores energy to deliver power and is rechargeable. This can be done by using a battery. There are six types of batteries that are presently being used as a source, for the production of energy in Hybrid electric vehicles. Those are lead-acid, nickel-metal hydride, nickel-cadmium, lithium ion, zinc-air and flywheels. Petrol or Diesel Petrol is being vastly used as fuel in automotives, due to its high calorific value and more efficiency of the petrol cycle (Otto cycle) and low emission rate compared to most of the other alternative fuels and its abundance. The thermodynamic cycle involved in the petrol engines is called, Otto cycle or four stroke cycle. Diesel is one of the best alternative fuels to petrol that can be used in automotives. The efficiency of the diesel engine is also good and the emission rate is a bit higher when compared to the petrol engine. The thermodynamic cycle that is used in the diesel engine is called Rankines cycle Hydrogen Hydrogen can be used as an alternative fuel, as an onboard fuel for motive power to the vehicle. This can be used as a fuel in any automotive which uses hydrogen in a similar fashion, as of in aircraft. The power plant of the vehicle converts the chemical energy of hydrogen into mechanical energy, this will be done either by burning the hydrogen in internal combustion engine, or by reacting hydrogen with oxygen in a fuel cell to run electric motors. 1.4.4 Compressed air Compressed air can be used as a fuel in engines which are pneumatic actuators, which can create a useful work by expanding compressed air. This is being used from the past two centuries, ranging from hand held turbines to several hundred horsepower. Some of them rely on turbines, others on pistons and cylinders. The engine that works using compressed air as a fuel is also called as Air-Hybrid Engine. Liquid Nitrogen Liquid nitrogen can be used an alternative fuel to liquid hydrogen. The engine extracts heat from the ambient air which will be used for heating the liquid nitrogen in the heat exchanger and using the resulting pressurised gas to operate the rotary engine. This can also be incorporated in hybrid vehicle systems, fuel tanks to recharge the batteries and the resulting in battery electric propulsion. This system is called Hybrid liquid nitrogen-electric propulsion. Moreover, regenerative braking system can also used in conjunction with this system. Electricity Electricity is being used as a fuel in automobiles since long time back. These cars run by drawing electricity from the battery to run the motor which in turn, runs the piston in the cylinder generating the mechanical energy which can move the car. The cars which run by using only the electric source are called plug-in electric cars. As these cars dont have any alternate source of energy other than battery, these needs to be charged time to time and hence called as plug-in electric vehicle. By adopting the electricity as an alternative source to the hybrid vehicle, the vehicle is called Hybrid Electric vehicle. Solar Energy Solar Energy is a form of fuel that can be used as an alternative fuel in plug-in electric cars. The vehicle will be powered by solar electricity obtained from the solar panels on the surface. Photovoltaic cells convert the suns energy into directly into the electrical energy. Even though it doesnt make any change in the form of fuel that is being used, but the mileage of the direct plug-in electric vehicle can be significantly increased by using these PV cells. But, the only backdrop in adapting this technology into the plug-in electric vehicle is that, these PV cells can work only in the places with abundant solar energy and will not be used during the dark. 1.5 Classification of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Hybrid electric vehicles can be classified basing on some factors. Such as, The path in which power is supplied to the power train. Degree of hybridization. Path of Power supplied to the Powertrain The classification of HEVs can be done basing on the way of power supplied to the powertrain. According to this, the vehicles can be classified as, Parallel hybrids Series hybrids Series-Parallel hybrids Plug-in HEVs Parallel Hybrids In a Parallel HEV, the Internal Combustion engine and the electric motor are connected to the mechanical transmission and can simultaneously transmit the power to wheels through the conventional transmission. Usually, parallel hybrids use small and single electric motors and depend on a small battery pack because the motor does not have the capacity to be the only source of energy to run the vehicle. Parallel hybrids are also capable of, using Regenerative braking to some limited levels and IC engine will also act as a generator for supplementary recharging. Parallel hybrids are much efficient compared to non-hybrid vehicles, particularly in the urban driving conditions and sometimes during highway operations, when the electric motors contribution is permitted. Honda Insight, Civic, Accord, and Chevrolet Malibu are some of the examples for the parallel hybrids in production. Series Hybrids In a Series HEV, only electric motor drives the powertrain and Internal Combustion engine acts as a generator to charge the batteries which empower the electric motor. In series hybrid vehicles, battery pack will be charged from the regenerative braking or the Internal Combustion engine. Series hybrids generally have small internal combustion engine but large battery pack compared to the parallel hybrid vehicles. This is the factor which makes series hybrids more efficient when driving in city conditions and more expensive than parallel hybrid vehicles. Chevrolet Volt is an example for a series hybrid in production. Series-Parallel Hybrids These vehicles are flexible to operate in parallel or series mode. As a result, these vehicles will be more efficient, because these will be operated as a series hybrid in low speeds and parallel in high speeds. But, these vehicles are costlier compared with a pure parallel. Hybrid powertrains are currently being used by General Motors, Ford, Nissan, Lexus, and Toyota. Vehicles referring to Series-Parallel can operate in both the parallel and series mode at the same time. Toyota Highlander is an example for Series-Parallel hybrids. Plug-in Hybrids Plug-in hybrid is a type of hybrid vehicle which works rechargeable batteries, which could be stored to full charge by plugging into an external source of power. This type of vehicles shares the features of a conventional HEV, having an Internal Combustion engine and an Electric motor; and with all-electric vehicle, provided with a plug that should be connected to the external source. These vehicles have well-built all-electric range compared to conventional gasoline electric hybrids, and combustion engine provides with backup needed when batteries are depleted. Chinese automobile manufacturer BYD Auto released F3DM hatchback into Chinese market in December 2008 and General Motors expects to launch Chevrolet Volt series plug-in by November 2010. Classification by Degree of Hybridization The hybrid electric vehicles can be classified further basing on the factor, the extent to which the vehicle is hybridized. According to this, the HEVs can be classified into, Full Hybrid Mild Hybrid Power assist Hybrids Full Hybrids This is a type of Hybrid vehicle which can run just only on the batteries, or just on the engine alone, or the combination of both. Fords Hybrid System, Toyotas Hybrid Synergy Drive, General Motorss Two-Mode Hybrid technology are some of full hybrid systems. A high-capacity battery pack will be needed for the battery only operation. These vehicles will have split path for power, which allows with more flexibility in the drivetrain by inter-converting mechanical and electrical power, although it is complex. Ford Escape Hybrid, Toyota Prius, and Ford Fusion Hybrid are some examples for full hybrid vehicles. Mild Hybrids This is a vehicle, which cannot be driven by depending only on the power produced by the electric motor itself. Since, the electric motor does not have enough power to propel the vehicle on its own. These vehicles are only included with some features of hybrid technology, and achieve limited savings on fuel consumption. A Mild hybrid is a vehicle more of a conventional type with oversized starter motor which allows the engine to turn off whenever the vehicle is decelerating or stopped. Yet, restart cleanly and quickly. Even when the gasoline engine was turned off, accessories will continue to run on the electric power, and like the other hybrid designs, motor will be used for regenerative braking to bring back all the energy. Mild hybrids have comparatively small batteries and a weak, small generator/ motor than those of a fully hybrid vehicle which helps in reducing weight and cost of production. The BMW Concept 7 Series Active Hybrid is an example of a Mild Hybrid with an electric motor designed to increase performance and power. Power Assist Hybrids These vehicles use the IC engine for primary power source, and torque-boosting electric motor is also connected to a large conventional power train. The electric motor is mounted between the transmission system and engine should be a very large starter motor essentially. This motor not only operates when the engine needs to be turned on, but also when extra power is needed. The electric motor may also be used to restart the IC engine, Deriving benefits from shutting down the main engine at idle, while the battery system will be used to run the other power accessories. Advantages and Disadvantages of HEVs over Conventional Petrol or Diesel Vehicles Fuel Consumption The consumption of petroleum is comparatively less and efficiency is much better in HEVs than the conventional petrol or diesel engines. Since, using three mechanisms: Reducing the wastage of energy during low/idle output, usually by turning off the IC engine. Utilizing the waste energy (i.e. by regenerative braking) Reduction in power and size of the IC engine, and hence inefficiencies from under-utilization, the extra power output from the electric motor compensate the loss in peak power output from the IC engine. Any combinations of these three primary advantages of a hybrid technology may be used for different fuel usage, emissions, power. The power curve of an electric motor is suits to more variable speed levels, and will provide significantly high torque at low speeds compared to IC engines. Thus, greater fuel efficiency of HEVs has inference for reduction in fuel consumption and emission of air pollutants. Noise The noise emitted from HEVs is comparatively very low than that of a conservative gasoline or diesel engine vehicle, results in positive noise health effects. Though, the sounds from the tires (road noise), the loudest noise at highway speeds from the vehicle interiors cannot be prevented by the hybrid design alone. Pollution The fuel used in HEVs is less of petroleum products which will emit carbon oxides into the atmosphere and hence pollution created will be less comparatively to the conventional gasoline or diesel engines. These vehicles will have a very positive impact onto the environment. But, the problem is with decomposing the dead batteries which are made of metals like Ni those can oxidise and produce metal oxides which can cause pollution in the environment. Weight of the vehicle The mass of a HEV is comparatively lesser than that of a conventional gasoline or diesel engine vehicles as the components used in the hybrid cars are less in weight than those of IC engine vehicles. This factor helps in reducing the consumption of extra initial torque required to move the vehicle from rest. Disadvantages of HEVs over Conventional Petrol or Diesel Vehicles As with all new technology, hybrids are relatively expensive. Shortage in awareness of knowledge about hybrids with the technicians to deal effectively with these vehicles. High maintenance Low towing capacity Batteries are expensive, heavy and have a short life span and are an environmental hazard. Decomposition of batteries is a big challenge for the manufacturers, as the batteries are useless after they were dead and can be hazardous to the environment.

Marketing Strategies for Businesses Essay -- Business Marketing Essays

Marketing Strategies for Businesses Introduction: Samuel Whitbread established Whitbread plc in 1742, originally as a beer producing company. Since then, Whitbread has moved from strength to strength incorporating wider varieties of businesses under its wing with each growth. Today, Whitbread owns and operates some of the most popular business in restaurants, hotels and leisure and health. Beefeater Vision 'To make Beefeater the first choice as a great place to eat and drink.' The Lydiard Travel Inn, Beefeater restaurant, Pub and Touchbase is situated just off junction 16 of the M4, beside the Hilton International. It has a 150 seater Beefeater restaurant, which is open all day from breakfast for overnight guests until evening dinner. For Beefeater to function efficiently and effectively the marketing team must analyse past performance and present trends, and attempt to predict the future in the form of marketing plan. There are a number of planning techniques and processes which have been used successfully, they are:  · SWOT analysis  · Marketing mix  · Boston matrix  · Ansoff strategy  · PEST analysis Objectives  · To comply with the task that has been set by the Beefeater manager. This is to identify the following objectives and present fresh new ideas for the business. This task will try to solve her problem of relatively low growth and boost sales to increase revenue.  · To identify the external forces influencing the competitive environment of the U.K. hospitality market.  · Identify the strengths and weaknesses of the Lydiard Beefeater through an internal audit.  · To identify the political, economic social and technological influences on the Lydiard, Swindon. ... ... of 35-44 yr olds, and 4% of 45+ yr olds agreed. 6% were "currently a meat eater but would like to become a vegetarian". 25% thought that is not "safe and healthy", rising to 34% in 15-24 yr olds. 36% of non-vegetarians would consider becoming a vegetarian if they felt animal farming was cruel. 82% felt that in the future there will be more vegetarians. 75% felt that in the future people will eat less meat. 80% claimed to prefer to buy food that is cruelty free and good for the environment These statistics clearly show that there needs to be a provision for vegetarian customers. The data however would need to be compared to more recent data to check validity and to identify any trends in the data such as cruelty to animals. Bibliography Customer questionnaire Advanced business www.Beefeater.co.uk www.ask.com

The Unabomber

The Unabomber For 17 years, an elusive criminal sent homemade bombs that targeted universities, airlines and computer stores, killing three people and injuring 23 others. The FBI branded Theodore Kaczynski a domestic terrorist, with the nickname the â€Å"Unabomber† (Unabomber). Theodore â€Å"Ted† Kaczynski was born in Chicago, Illinois, where, as a child prodigy, he excelled academically. He was accepted into Harvard University at the age of 16, where he graduated from four years later and then earned a PhD in mathematics several years after that.He then accepted a position at The University of California, Berkley campus as an assistant professor at the age of 25 (Unabomber). After two years at Berkley, Kaczynski seemed to have lost interest in everything around him. He quit his job and moved to an isolated cabin, without electricity or running water, in Lincoln, Montana. He wanted to learn survival skills in an attempt to become self-sufficient (Kaczynski). After wit nessing the wilderness and environment around him get destroyed by industrial development, Kaczynski decided to start a bombing campaign (Kaczynski).From 1978 to 1995, Kaczynski sent sixteen bombs to targets, including universities and airlines (Unabomber). The first mail bomb was sent in late May 1978 to materials engineering professor Buckley Crist at Northwestern University, where a policeman, Terry Marker, opened the package which exploded immediately, leaving him with severe injuries to his left hand (Unabomber). He not only mailed his bombs, but would also hand place them throughout the United States. In California Kaczynski hand placed a nail and splinter loaded bomb in a parking lot of a computer store.When it was touched, it exploded, killing the 38-year-old computer store owner (Unabomber). Theodore was not just a murder with no motive, he proclaimed that humans were ruining the world through technology (Kaczynski). After 17 years of his bombing campaign, he sent his 35,00 0-word essay â€Å"Industrial Society and Its Future†, abbreviated to â€Å"Unabomber Manifesto† to major media outlets around the U. S. (Unabomber). The essay called for a worldwide revolution against the effects of modern society's â€Å"industrial-technological system† (Kaczynski).He stated that â€Å"the Industrial Revolution and its consequences have been a disaster for the human race† (Kaczynski). Several months after the Unabomber Manifesto was printed on the Washington Post, Kaczinski's brother and wife recognized his brothers writing styles and beliefs and tipped off the police. FBI officers arrested Kaczynski on April 3rd, 1996, at his remote cabin in Lincoln, Montana. Theodore thinks of himself as perfectly sane, with justifiable reasons connected to his crimes (Kaczynski). Theodore Kaczynski was sentenced to eight life sentences in prison with no possibility of parole.

10 Tips to Avoid Getting Stung By a Bee

10 Tips to Avoid Getting Stung By a Bee Being stung by a bee or wasp is never fun, and for those with bee sting allergies, it can be downright deadly. Fortunately, most bee stings are entirely avoidable. Bees, wasps, and hornets sting primarily to defend themselves, so the key to avoiding bee stings is to make sure the bees dont feel threatened by you. 1. Dont Wear Perfumes or Colognes In other words, dont smell like a flower. Bees can detect and follow strong scents, and wearing perfumes or colognes will attract nectar-seeking bees and wasps from a distance. Once they find the source of the flower smell (you), theyre likely to investigate by landing on you or buzzing around your body. 2. Avoid Wearing Brightly Colored Clothing, Especially Floral Prints This goes along with #1 - dont look like a flower, either. Theres a reason beekeepers wear white. If youre wearing bright colors, you are just asking bees to land on you. Keep your outdoor wear limited to khaki, white, beige, or other light colors if you dont want to attract bees. 3. Be Careful What You Eat Outdoors Sugary foods and drinks will attract bees and wasps for sure. Before you take a sip of your soda, look inside the can or glass and make sure a wasp hasnt gone in for a taste. Fruits also attract the stinging crowd, so pay attention when snacking on ripe fruits outdoors. Dont leave your peach pits or orange peels sitting around. 4. Dont Walk Barefoot Bees may nectar on clover blossoms and other small flowers in your lawn and some wasps make their nests in the ground. If you step on or near a bee, its going to try to protect itself and sting you. But if youre wearing shoes, its only going to hurt itself, not you. 5. Try Not to Wear Loose-Fitting Clothes Bees and wasps might just find their way up your pant leg or into your shirt if you give them an easy opening. Once inside, they will be trapped against your skin. And whats your first impulse when you feel something crawling around inside your clothing? You slap at it, right? Thats a recipe for disaster. Opt for clothing with tighter cuffs, and keep baggy shirts tucked in. 6. Stay Still The worst thing you can do when a wasp flies around your head is swat at it. What would you do if someone took a swing at you? If a bee, wasp, or hornet comes near you, just take a deep breath and stay calm. Its just trying to determine if you are a flower or some other item useful to it, and once it realizes youre just a person, it will fly away. 7. Keep Your Car Windows Rolled Up Bees and wasps have an uncanny knack for getting themselves trapped in cars, where they will buzz around in a panic trying to find a way out. If youre driving the car at the time, this can certainly be unsettling. But wasps and bees cant get inside a car thats closed up, so keep the windows rolled up whenever possible. If you do find yourself giving a ride to an unwanted stinging insect, pull over when its safe to do so and roll your windows down. Dont try to swat at it while you are driving! 8. Rinse Your Garbage and Recycling Cans and Keep Lids on Them Wasps love empty soda and beer bottles and will check out any food waste in your garbage, too. Dont let food residue build up on your garbage cans. Rinse them well now and then, and always put tight-fitting lids on them to keep wasps away from your garbage. This can substantially cut down on the number of wasps hanging around your yard. 9. Dont Hang out in the Flower Garden If youre really worried about bee stings, dont hang out where the bees are most numerous. Bees spend most of their time and energy collecting nectar and pollen from flowers. Dont get in their way. If youre deadheading flowers or gathering them for an arrangement, keep an eye out for bees and wait until theyve moved on to another flower. 10. Call a Professional to Have Unwanted Bees, Wasps, or Hornets Removed Nothing makes a stinging insect angrier than when someone disturbs or destroys its home. Professional beekeepers or pest control experts can remove wasp or hornet nests or bee swarms safely, without putting you at risk for stings.

Example of Graduate School Admission Essay †Two Personal Accomplishments

Example of Graduate School Admission Essay – Two Personal Accomplishments Free Online Research Papers Example of Graduate School Admission Essay Two Personal Accomplishments Describe what you believe to be your two most substantial accomplishments to date (at least one must be professional), explaining why you view them as such. (400 words approx.) When I was working at PubliCARD, I was presented with the company Excellence Awarde after having led a corporate Web site project. A reputable Web site company had attempted the original project; however, after six months and several hundred thousands of dollars, the Web site remained unfinished.My emergency task was to design a completely new Web site with a modest budget within three weeks. I seized the opportunity in front of me, and PubliCARD successfully celebrated the launch of an enhanced Web site à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" on time and for only fifteen percent of the original budget. First of all, I was recognized at the end of the year and received a job promotion. Second, I took the initiative and responsibility of the project, organized a team, developed a plan, and managed the time available. Third, I was capable of delivering under pressure and making the best use of the resources on hand. Therefore, it was a project which meant a lot to me and the company at the time of execution. But most importantly, I was able to learn new skills and form new relationships which were significant when I founded my own company later on. A more personal and unforgettable accomplishment for me was the three months I traveled throughout Europe during the summer of 2001 with a friend. During these three months, we visited the following countries: France, Belgium, Netherlands, Switzerland, Spain, Italy, Greece, England and Romania. Everyday reserved a new experience being either about the place, someone else, or ourselves. We were able to not only see different cities, museums, monuments and shows, but also to get to know the people and their unique culture on each place. We had planned this trip for 2 years, thus the realization was definitely exciting. In addition, to be able to share such an adventure with a friend was priceless. We did not follow any itineraries, so we had the freedom to go anywhere and to spend as much time as we wished in each country. So, we really had the opportunity to understand and appreciate the different cultures of each country we visited. Another important fact was that my job provided me with a laptop computer to keep working remotely and I had a chance to meet with European customers as I traveled. Also, since I have family in Europe, this trip allowed me to spend time with many of my relatives and to build a closer relationship with them. I will forever keep the memories and experiences I had during these three months. For all these reasons, I consider this trip another highly in my life. Research Papers on Example of Graduate School Admission Essay - Two Personal AccomplishmentsThe Project Managment Office SystemLifes What IfsAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NicePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Spring and AutumnAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2

Week DQ 3 1-D Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week DQ 3 1-D - Essay Example While ratio have the benefit of being the pinnacle level of measurement, they cannot be used in every situation; for example, to contrast temperatures. This is because a 0Â °C is actually 32Â °F and not non-existent. The value of a zero is very important in ratio measurement, as it is the only major factor that distinguishes ratio from interval measurements (Marr, 2010, p. 78). It is because of this value of zero that enables the formation of a fraction based comparison amongst two values of a variable. The most common use of this is the analysis of the growth of a company as witnessed in various news channels, such as the growth of sales on a year on year basis or other fundamental analysis factors such as return on investments are measured through ratios (for example, the revenues in 2011 are twice as much as what they were in 2010). Thus, ratio measurements require a set of continuous data within which the disparity could be based on, time, demographics, or any other factor. But their should be no disparity in the type of variable. Most common forms of data that can be measured through ratios are annual results of a company (as discussed), statistical disparities amongst variables, census data, market research, fundamental analysis of companies, progress of scientific experiments, etc. Variables such as weight, speed, and distance could be measured through the use of

San Antonio (enviable AAA General Obligation Debt Bond Rating ) Case Study

San Antonio (enviable AAA General Obligation Debt Bond Rating ) - Case Study Example 6). These were validated by the statistics and patterns highlighted above. When compared to other common variables, as noted, San Antonio’s unemployment rate which was 7.4% was comparatively low in contrast to the unemployment rate exhibited by the whole of Texas (8.1%) and of the country, in general (8.8%). This is significant considering that, as reported, San Antonio is the only U.S. City with a population over one million to be given a ‘AAA’ bond rating by all three rating agencies. Further, their rating was likewise compared to the ratings generated by other municipalities, such as Columbus, Ohio and Kirkland, Washington; and the following highlights are noted: It is eminent therefore that rating agencies evaluate the credit ratings of municipalities based on the factors that were revealed. As disclosed by Moody’s, San Antonio’s rating could be changed to lower ratings when the following scenarios occur: â€Å"(1) failure to maintain balanced operations; (2) trend of declining reserves; (3) trend of significant taxable value loss indicating a weakening of economic position; and (4) change in the US rating that results in pressure on local Moodys Investors Services, Inc. "MOODYS ASSIGNS Aaa RATING TO CITY OF SAN ANTONIOS GENERAL IMPROVEMENT REFUNDING BONDS, SERIES 2012;." 26 March 2012. moodys.com. 27 April 2012

Business Proposal for Als Milk Bar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Proposal for Als Milk Bar - Essay Example The objective of the business is to provide a unique "milk bar" experience to its customers with high quality food, customer-oriented service in a warm and friendly atmosphere. The target market range covers ages 5 to 75, among the local residents, office workers, students, shoppers and pedestrians in the area of Victoria Street. Projected investment costs of less than $18,000 are deemed recoverable in less than two years with profitability from operations set at 18%. Traditionally, milk bars were local shops where people pick up milk and newspapers. Eventually, they became general stores or delicatessens, offering a wide variety of products, much like convenience stores. They also began serving milk drinks and other non-alcoholic beverages, such as milkshakes and sodas, as well as snack foods like sandwiches, cookies and pastries (Wikipedia 2008). Milk bars became popular starting in the 1930's when they became hubs providing wholesome corner shop goodies and a communal space for local interaction. Customers personally knew the people behind the counter, kids were allowed by their moms to drop by to get candy or have a milkshake, and communal tables allowed neighbors to bump into each other. The milk bars of the period had brightly lettered conspicuous signs advertising hand-made foods such as meat and vegetable rolls, hot pies and pasties, freshly made scones, double cream milk shakes, malt chocolate drink and fruity syrup slush. Dcor in the ea ting areas were a combination of colorful posters and cartoony images of the era (Neville 2008, Bells 2008). The "restaurant" portion of the 1930s milk bar is the inspiration for the new business being proposed. The business concept revolves around the idea of a bar and snack establishment serving non-alcoholic beverages and hot food, where customers can either have a quick drink or snack, as well as linger with friends. Business Description "Al's" Milk Bar is to be located at 314-316 Victoria Street. It is a bar and snack restaurant providing hot and cold food and non-alcoholic drinks reminiscent of the 1930s milk bar experience. Its menu will include all the traditional offerings of milk bars such as milkshakes, spiders, sodas, ice cream, cakes, pastries, sandwiches, hot rolls, as well as mocktails. "Al's" dcor and color schemes will mimic those of the 1930s and 40s milk bars, complete with a bar counter with seating and indoor and outdoor tables and chairs. "Al's" will be a small business established as a sole trader and will operate from seven in the morning to nine in the evening every day of the week. It will serve a high number of residents in the surrounding local residential areas as well as office workers in surrounding office buildings and shoppers at nearby retail venues. It will have product offerings to serve quick breakfast, especially to office workers, light mid-day lunches, and afternoon-evening non-alcoholic dri

Critique on What Ive Learned from Men Essay Example for Free

Critique on What Ive Learned from Men Essay In the article â€Å"What I’ve Learned from Men. † The author Barbara Ehrenreich defines and roots her essay on things women can learn from men. She upholds that men influence women to become tough because of all the conflicts and arguments between the genders that make women recognize they are too ladylike when they are in a battle with men. She also explains that women should learn to get tough and take credit when they have accomplished or succeeded in a certain task and not just blame it on luck. Unfortunately, the article â€Å"What I’ve Learned from Men† is fruitless because the author hasn’t displayed any credible sources that support what she is claiming and also exhibits an amount of logical fallacies. First of all, there are several logical fallacies found in the article, which shows us why Barbara’s article is ineffectual. â€Å"I, a full-grown feminist†¦had behaved like a ninny-or, as I now understand it, like a lady. † This sentence is an example of Ad Hominem. The reason is that she refers to herself as a ninny, a foolish person, or in other words as a lady. Thus, she is attacking herself and all the other ladies who experience a similar event rather than the argument. Identically, the sentence â€Å"we spend a great deal of time acting like a wimp. † is another example of Ad Hominem. Another example is the entire fifth paragraph, â€Å"Think, for example†¦fascination for us. † This is clearly an example of Hasty Generalization where the author has referred the actors Mel Gibson, John Travolta and Marlon Brando as people who don’t talk and care about others feelings so, therefore, this has to be the same situation with us. But, there is no relation between them and us. Moreover, a good example of slippery slope is also present in the article. â€Å"If you’re not sure what to do with your face in the meantime, study Clint Eastwood’s expressions—both of them. † The reason is that the solution (study Clint Eastwood’s expressions) has nothing to do with the problem (what to do with your face). The first step does not lead to the second step and there is no connection between the two steps. Finally, there is an example of a Post-Hoc fallacy in the article. â€Å"If you take the credit you deserve†¦fully intend to do so again. † There is a connection between two ideas in the sentence. That is, if you take the credit for accomplishing something then this will result to being confident and succeeding again and again. Following this further, we will shift to the other claim of why the article is ineffective, which is the lack of supportive and credible sources. The author is not credible since all the information she supplied in her article is from her own experience and not from a well-known book or study. Hence, people will face difficulties in trusting whatever the author is saying in the article and especially males, since the independent variable in the article is men. â€Å"Sociologists have observed that in male-female social interactions it’s the woman who throws out leading questions and verbal encouragements. † This sentence has no proof, evidence or reference. So the author cannot just state this point without backing it up with proof. Logically, you can find men who are similar to this statement and women who are as well. Finally, this shows that the author is not demonstrating information and details with evidence and proof. Thus, this is another reason why the author’s article is ineffective. In conclusion, the article is fruitless since the author hasn’t supplied it with credible and supportive sources and references; as well as the presence of several amounts of logical fallacies and also of different types. This affected her argument badly and her reasoning just showed that she is trying to strengthen her opinion rather than strengthening her argument. Likewise, if the author has a very good experience in such topics but fails to have a good logical reasoning, the article’s reputation will be disrupted critically. Finally, the article should contain all these points so that it can be strong; and so that she can promote in what she believes in.

Interpreting the Servant Song of Isaiah 52:13-53:12 Essay -- Literar

Introduction: In this essay we shall undertake the above assignment title in the following way. Firstly; we shall look briefly at some exegetical issues, which may affect, the actual translation of the text. Secondly we shall endeavour to examine the differing opinions of interpretation concerning the passage and the identity of the servant in particular, interacting and engaging with both the perceived strengths and weaknesses of the prospective views. Thirdly; a brief conclusion will be given. In this essay, the arguments with regards date and authorship of Isaiah, will not be dealt with, as the subject is vast and the above title does not expressly demand it. Exegetical issues: The purpose of this section will be to study some exegetical issues which could affect ones interpretation of the fourth servant song. The first real problem in exegesis is found in 52:15 in the phrase 'so will he sprinkle many nations' (NIV emphasis mine) or alternatively 'so he shall startle many nations.' (JPS TNK emphasis mine). The word in question is hZ nÄ zà ¢ signifies a spattering or (Hiphil) sprinkling of blood, oil, or water either with one’s finger (Lev 4:6) or a â€Å"sprinkler† (Lev 14:7). (1999 Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament (electronic ed) Page 566) Everywhere else hZ The LXX reading my also influence the 'startle' translation, the LXX renders hZ ...(ed). New Bible dictionary (3rd ed.) . InterVarsity Press Leicester. France, R.T. 'The Servant Of The Lord In The Teaching Of Jesus' in Tyndale Bulletin 19:1 1968 pages 26-52. Harris, R. L., Harris, R. L., Archer, G. L., & Waltke, B. K. (1999). Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament (electronic ed.) (566). Chicago: Moody Press. Motyer, A.J. 1993, Isaiah, IVP Leciester. Rae, M. 2007 'Scripture and the Divine Economy' in Journal of Theological Interpretation 1.1 pages 5-6. Watts, J. D. W. 2002. Vol. 25: Word Biblical Commentary : Isaiah 34-66. Word, Dallas. Westermann, C. 1969, Isaiah 40-66, SCM, Philadelpha. Whybray R.N. 1990, 'Servant songs', in R. J. Coggins and J.L. Houlden (ed) The SCM Dictionary of biblical Interpretation. Young E. J. 1949, 'Of Whom Speaketh The Prophet This?' Westminster Theological Journal 11:2, pages 133-156.

The Manhattan Project :: Papers

The Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project was one of the most secretive projects in the history of the United States. It took place during World War II and its purpose was to create a bomb by splitting atoms apart. This project was a success and created one of the most devastating bombs ever used by mankind, the atomic bomb. The president at the time, Harry S. Truman, had to face the many factors that were involved in making the decision to drop the bomb. In this paper I will discuss those and the events leading up to The Manhattan Project. The factors in dropping the bomb can be put into three categories: military, moral and political. I will also go into the scientific means of developing such a weapon. Albert Einstein was living in Germany at the time Hitler came into power. Albert Einstein, Edward Teller, Leo Szilard and the rest of his colleagues wrote a letter in August 1939 to warn the United States that Germany was researching and developing nuclear weapons. They were afraid that once Germany finished building the bomb, they would use it on the United States. (Cayton, Perry, Winkler, 1995, pg. 786) When President Franklin Delano Roosevelt received the letter, he was both amazed and scared. He was amazed that science could make such a devastating weapon, a weapon that could destroy an entire city. President Roosevelt then quickly assembled the Manhattan Project so they could build the bomb before Germany. The Manhattan Project started in 1942 in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The name "Manhattan Project" was secretly coded as a United States effort in an attempt to build an atom bomb during World War II. It was named after the Manhattan Engineer District of the US Army Corps of Engineers, because most of the research was done in New York City. In Oak Ridge there were tests for separating a rare Uranium-235 (U-235) an unstable isotope from Uranium-238 (U-238). General Leslie Groves was chosen by President Roosevelt to lead the project. Grove's major task was to build the huge industrial facilities needed to separate the small amounts of rare uranium-235, uranium-238 and plutonium needed for a bomb. He built the facilities on an isolated mesa at Los Alamos, New Mexico. The project employed nearly 129,000 people. But out of those couple of thousands of scientists, there were six scientists who contributed to the project the most: Neils Bohr, Joseph Carter, Glen Seaborg, Enrico Fermi, Richard Feynman, and Albert Einstein.