Concept of Volleyball - Free Essay Example

Sports fill the nation with diehard fans and hours of television screen times for many people daily. For some sports though there are many rules, regulations, and dynamics behind the game. For instance, volleyball is a game many are fans of, but many who have never seen a match or have a head of volleyball alone may find the game confusing. Through the decades volleyball is a sport that has changed drastically. Changing the concepts of ruling and regulations of the game. Rules for high school matches versus club matches. The dynamics of getting the perfect pass or mastering that serves to ace the opponent. All in all, volleyball is commonly known as the most underrated and unappreciated sport of our generation. Having this mindset diminishes the key concepts of volleyball. The idea of the game with the equipment, terms, fundamentals and the rules of the game. The idea of volleyball begins with two teams with six players on each side. The players use their hands to take a ball back and forth over a regulated high net. The ball must touch the court within the opponents playing area before it can be returned. To prevent this a player on the opposing team gets the ball up and toward a teammate, before it touches the court surface†that teammate may then volley it back across the net or guide it to a third teammate who volleys it across the net. A team is allowed only three touches of the ball at a minimum before it must be returned over the net to the other team. A touch is regulated as any physical contact with the ball. Rather it is with the players hand, or head a touch is a touch. There are ruling with touching the ball also. For instance, if a player contacts the ball trying to catch it and throw it back up this would be ruled as a lift. In this instance, the call by the ref would be made and the ball and point would be given to the other team. Volleyball requires a minimum of equipment and space and can be played indoors or outdoors. The game is played on a smooth-surfaced court, divided by a center line into two equal areas, one of which is selected by or assigned to each of the two teams. Players may not step completely beyond the center line while the ball is in play. A tightly stretched net is placed across the court exactly above the middle of the center line. The height of the net and the antennas are all regulated to correctly admit to the age of the players. A ball must pass over the net entirely between the antennae. In this sport, there are allowed 6 players on each side at a time. Normally, you would have your libero, setters, hitters, and back ro w players. Volleyball has three common terms used when having the ball getting at most three touches on it before it is sent back over to the opposing team. Volleyball has changed into a very specialized sport. Many teams will include in their starting line-up a setter, two center blockers, two receiver-hitters, and a universal spiker. Only certain players will be involved with service reception. Players will also have specialist positions for attack and defense. Substitutions are allowed during the game. Since 1998, volleyball has been using a new scoring system. Teams scored a point on every rally, meaning a rally point system. Regardless of which team served. Formerly, a team could only win a point if it served the ball. Winning the serve back from the opposition was known as a side-out. Matches are played best of five sets. The first four sets are played to 25 points, with the final set being played to 15 points. A team must win a set by two points. There is no ceiling, so a set continues until one of the teams gains a two-point advantage. Previously, all sets were to 15 points, with the first four sets having a ceiling of 17 and the final set requiring at least a two-point winning advantage (fivb.org). First, there is a pass. When a player passes a ball, their forearms are straight and at a 90-degree angle from their body. Their hands are either in a cuffed fist or flat prayer hands common terms used for the positioning of the players hands for passing. Many believe that the best way for passing is staying low at a 90-degree angle that can have the passes at a neutral position that makes it easier to contact the ball. The best passers seem to move backward, absorbing the ball on their arms allowing for more control passing. Also, the way the players body is positioned during a pass is very important too. The angle of their forearms has positioned the speed of the ball, and the position of their feet. These three concepts depend on the angle and the height of the ball being passed to the setter. In the end, making the setters job easier. Libero is most commonly the best passer on a team. They are the player who wears the different colored jersey indicating special subs or rotations that wouldnt normally be allowed with a normal colored jersey. The liberos base or home for plays is normally on the far left side of the 10-foot line. There they are expected to dig balls from the right side, middle or outside hitters to keep the ball in play. Liberos are most commonly the most agile and quickest on their feet. Liberos are known for picking up balls that are far above their head or to diving from their base to the 10-foot line to keep the ball in play. Most commonly if the setter happens to take the first ball the libero is expected to take the second contact to set up the hitter for an attack. The libero always must keep their head on a swivel. Being a libero though has many regulations. They can only serve once, they must substitute behind the 10-foot line, they cannot pass the 10-foot line on an attack and they cannot set a ball that is in front of the 10-foot line either. Along with the Libero, there are also the back-row players. These are the ones who are most likely designated for passing and getting the ball to the setter and making it easier for the setter to get the ball to the hitters. These three contacts or less make it difficult for the other team to receive or try to get up. Back row players are commonly forgotten when a great hit or set came to be. There wouldnt have been a rally in the first place. Most back row players are loud and agile and wanting to get to every ball and making it known who has the ball. For instance, when a back-row player is going to become in contact with the ball most players say mine. Indicating that they are going to contact the ball and having others ready for the next contact. Not only does the back row come with fundamentals it is very important to always have their head on a swivel. If the setter messes up the ball, they try their best to better the ball and get it over. Also, when a hitter is going to conta ct the ball the back-row player can communicate to them where to hit it. The line is straight down the court vertically, or cross hitting the ball diagonally. Other key terms for indicating to the hitter to hit but seeing how important it is for the back-row player to fully communicate. Next, is setting. Wide hands and fingers are placed above the eye level and forehead level of the player. Using both their arms and legs, the player pushes the ball with both of their hands at the same time to set the ball. The setter is commonly the captain of the team meaning they oversee the plays and keeping the rest of the players in line. Setters must know the lineup and certain rotations and communicating shots and certain tactics to get a point for their team. The setters need to beat the ball to the spot and being ready to anticipation the location of the pass. Also, be ready to move from their base in case of a miss pass or miss communication between the passers and get in position to set. The setters are the one who is to set up the hitters for their attacks. Setters must have good hands and eye-hand coordination for getting the balls from the passers and to the hitters for an attack. Being a setter is a very important task. They oversee telling their hitters what they are hitting or what plays they are running. For example, is the outside going to hit a fast set, known as a 4, or are they going to come in hitting a higher ball in the middle, known as a 2? Setters oversee also communicating with not only their hitters but their back-row players also. They need to communicate to them that they need a higher pass or a tighter pass to the net to keep them on. With all the accountabilities of a setter, there are many advantages too. Setters contact the ball 95% of the time. They are most likely the teams captain or all-around player depending on their atheism and accountability. Lastly, the most common term is hitting. While hitting one either does the standing approach or the jumping approach. Either way, the player starts out with their hands in front of their body in an almost runners position. As the ball is set up and realized from the setters hand, they would take their dominant hand behind their head at another 90-degree angle and use the other hand as a glider of the ball. Now, with a jumping approach, as the set ball hits its peak, you would start the approach. As a dominant right-handed person, one would start with their left foot stepping forward, then right and then jump on their left to contact the ball. Withstanding or jump hitting, one would contact the ball with the center of their palm as fast as they could sending the ball across the end. All in all, in getting three contacts. Bump, set, spike or pas s, set, hit. Hitters are the teams key assets normally to finishing a rally. They are the ones with will most likely send the ball over with an aggressive attack on the other team. Having three hitters in the front row is the most common way to play. Hitting starts out with a strong hand and forearm, high vertical, and strong finish. When hitting one must start with their hand above their head at a 90-degree angle facing upward. After this, the ball is tossed to the hitter. When contact is made the ball should touch the palm of their hand with their fingers spread out. Once contact is made, the player needs to follow through. What this means is that the players hand and forearm should swing all the way through to where the hand should be facing downward, and having the ball go over the net at a fast and hard speed. The concept of hitting comes along with a term called blocking. This is when a hitter on the other side of the attacker is jumping up to interfere with the attackers hit. Blocking is an action that a player or players close to the net to intercept the ball coming from the opponent by reaching higher than the top of the net (theartofcoachingvolleyball.com). Only front-row players are allowed to complete a block. A block is completed whenever the ball is touched by a blocker. A collective block is acted by two or three players close to each other. In blocking, the player may place their hands and arms anywhere above the net, provided that this action does not interfere with the opponents hit or the net. Now if the player does touch the net or interferes with the pursuit of the players hit the ref will blow their whistle and give the point to the attacking team. All the terms and uses of volleyball can get confusing, but there are limitations and regulations as well. Each team may request a maximum of two time-outs and six substitutions per set. The request for time-outs or substitutions must be made after the play has ended. A coach is not allowed to sub or ask for a time-out mid-play. A team is not allowed to make multiple requests for substitution during the same interruption (theartofcoachingvolleyball.com). Two or more players can be substituted at the same time within the same request. Regular game interruptions may be requested by the coach, or in the absence of the coach, by the game captain, and only by them. Substitution before the start of a set is permitted and should be recorded as a regular substitution in that set. The ideas of volleyball along with the equipment, terms, fundamentals and the rules of the game, it shows many how a sport has so much more than what meets the eye. For example, finding more facts that people havent heard or even seen before. Volleyball is not only a physical but mental sport as well. With all the skills and teamwork, a certain team can have. A truly good team has a connection and c ommitment to the sport many seem to push away. Works Cited 35th FIVB Congress 2016. Official Volleyball Rules 2017-2020. FIVB-Vo

Business Types And A Proposed Staffing Plan - 1730 Words

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The Physics Of The Atom Essay - 1289 Words

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Business Operation Oz Supermarket Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Operation Oz Supermarket. Answer: Outline of the business operation along with suggestion of recommendations Maintaining consistency in providing the customers with innovative facilities has enabled Oz supermarket to emerge as a popular name among the customers. Earlier the customers had to stand in long queues for billing at the exit points. Decisions to establish retain chain have increased the ease of the customers in terms of grabbing their branded products and get them billed within a short span of time (Trkman et al., 2015). This was not the outcome of haphazard approach towards marketing. The managers of Oz supermarket have toiled hard to achieve efficiency in the business operations. This oriental approach has been possible due to the following initiatives: Keeping only household goods and stationery items, which are non perishable and align with the requirements of the customers Adoption of the latest technologies has helped the marketing personnel of Oz supermarket to deliver services to the customers according to the latest trends. This adoption has smoothened the buying process for the customers as well as the company personnel (Jeston Nelis, 2014). Typical example in this direction is PayWave. Through the possession of the card, the customer gets an easy entry into the supermarket with only a wave. The RFID readers in the trolleys automatically send the item for billing upon its selection by the buyer. However, if the item is already selected by a buyer, it is deleted from the display window. The items selected by the buyers are added to the bags, which are attached with the trolleys. Once the customers have finished shopping, they can exit the supermarket. The readers might think that where is the payment description? To the surprise of the readers, the RFID readers in the trolleys calculate the amount while the customers are shopping (Gummesson, 2014) . This total is automatically added to the PayWave card when the customer wave while departing from the supermarket. The systematic approach towards this process nullifies the aspect of queues at the exit point. Effective help desk facilities reduce the concerns of tourists and children regarding the possession of PayWave cards. The tourists and the children are provided with the access to approach the front desk personnel, who advise them to deposit temporary cash. With this deposit, they are assured about the issue of the PayWave cards, which will give them the right to shop their required items (Pan Nguyen, 2015). The exit process, for the tourists and children would be same as the member customers. However, tracks of the balance are maintained by the cashiers for assisting the customers in their purchases in future. There is an alarm, which rings for making the customers aware about the insufficient amount. Extra overheads are incurred in the RFID reader chip in case every item is tagged. Financial absorption is done in this case for the sake of the customers, who are in a hurry to finish their shopping (Raja et al., 2013). At various stations, the customers are briefed about the items, which are there in their trolley. This facility alarms the customers regarding the items, which they have purchased along with their amount. This is displayed in the form of a list. Time is noted for which the customers park their cars in the supermarket parking lot. This is done very specifically during the peak shopping hours to avoid traffic congestions in the shopping complex. In these peak shopping seasons, the parking rates are very high. On the other hand, the parking rates are nil in the non-peak periods. Here, the customers are not charged for parking the cars in the shopping complex (Orel Kara, 2014). The detailed description of the business operations reflects the systematic approach of the personnel towards the comfort of the customers. Herein, there is a need for recruiting skilled and efficient personnel, who possess adequate knowledge about operating the automatic functions of opening and closing the door of the supermarket upon the waves of the customers. Along with this, the managers need to monitor the performance of the officers in terms of enhancing the field of customer satisfaction. For this, CCTV can be an efficient means. Along with this, security guards are needed at the entrance and exits. This would mitigate the chances of robbery and theft within the supermarket (Lee, 2013). For this, identity verification can be done at the entrance as well as exit points. Here, conscious and rational approach is needed for preventing thefts and robbers from entering into the supermarkets. Therefore, before issuing the PayWave cards, the personnel need to verify the location as well as the background of the persons. This is very important in case of the tourists. Apart from this, installation of CCTV cameras inside the supermarket would help the managers to inspect the activities of the supermarket. For this, the managers need to be active online during the shopping hours (Agnihotri et al. 2016). Monitoring turn by turn would be a wise step for the managers as it is not possible for one manager to sit for long and see the happenings of the internal environment of the supermarket. At every station or department of the supermarket, one staff can be posted, who would arrange the purchased items for the customers. These staffs need to be properly dressed and wearing ID cards during the duty hours need to be made mandatory for the staffs. Before starting the shopping hours, the managers need to verify whether the staffs are in proper attire along with their ID cards (Wirtz et al., 2013). This would create a good image in the minds of the customers, generating within them an urge to indulge in a stable relationship with the personnel. For achieving positive outcomes in this direction, the staffs need to be trained about the treatment, which they need to adopt for the achievement of large scale customer satisfaction. However, as the operations of the supermarket are entirely technological, the staffs need to be trained about the effective and judicious operation of the technologies. Additional recommendations for improving customer services Improvement of the customer service is an agent in terms of enhancing the reputation of Oz supermarket. For this, persistent efforts are needed from the marketing personnel as well as the managers. The managers need to sit in meetings and discussions with the board of directors regarding the adoption of innovation in the existing business operations (Saeidi et al., 2015). Involvement of the stakeholders and shareholders in these meetings would broaden the perspectives of the personnel. This would result in the introduction of lucrative offers, schemes and discounts for the customers. As an example, introducing discounts on shopping during the peak seasons on purchase of a stipulated amount would help the marketing personnel of Oz supermarket to attract large number of customers. Along with this, hiring sponsors and celebrities would help the personnel to enhance the brand image of the supermarket (Agnihotri et al., 2016). Preparing catchy advertisements for the newly launched offers, schemes and discounts would result in the promotion of the supermarket. Adopting the means of social media would help the personnel of Oz supermarket to increase the trafficking of the audience towards the brand image. Displaying attractive images for advertising the newly launched services or products would appeal the customers to visit the supermarket at least once. Organizing contests like sending selfies with the purchased service and products would popularize the fame of the supermarket (Orel Kara, 2014). Moreover, these types of contests enhance the stability in the relationship between the company and the customers. Maintenance and preservation of this stability is the keystone towards the provision of better services in future. The technological nature of the business operations necessitates the need of advanced and modern security. If the membership code of the customer is sent to the IT faculty upon his identity verification, his entire details and information can be matched in terms of reducing the instances of robbery, thefts, and smuggling among others. Once it is verified that the code is secured and registered with the company, a password can be generated, which needs to be secured for safeguarding the customers from instances of cyber crimes (Pan Nguyen, 2015). Therefore, when the customer waves the PayWave card, his password along with other details would be sent to the manager. Along with the identity verification, the luggage verification is important. The customer after the identity verification needs to submit heavy luggage. However, handbags can be allowed within the supermarket, but it needs to be sealed. Along with this, outside eatables need to be prohibited inside the supermarket, for making the premises clean. The customers need to throw the wastes in the dustbins. The staffs need to be extra conscious regarding these issues. Food courts can be established within the supermarket premises. For this, the personnel need to organize meetings with the property owners, stakeholders and shareholders. Drafts regarding the highlights of the meetings need to be sent to the managers and directors for achieving their approval (Jeston Nelis, 2014). Records of these drafts are important in terms of averting illegal instances and unnecessary courtly interventions. Approval from the higher authorities results in a second round of meetings regarding how to proceed with the proposed plans. Exposing a strategic approach in these activities would help the personnel of Oz supermarket to achieve positive outcomes. Within this, serving the customers with fusion foods would help the marketing personnel to satisfy the specific tastes and preferences of the customers. Adopting the means of survey and feedback would make the personnel aware about the reactions of the customers regarding the levied services. Social networking sites and official websites need to be regularly tracked for making the services according to the needs, demands and requirements of the customers (Trkman et al., 2015). Failure in terms of regularizing the activity of checking the feedbacks posted by the customers would make the supermarket lag behind in the aspect of customer satisfaction. Incapability to spontaneously make up the mistakes would add vulnerability to the market position of Oz supermarket. Moreover, this incapability would provide the contemporary supermarkets of Australia with competitive edge. On the other hand, dedication and commitment exposed by the marketing personnel would act as a cornerstone for Oz supermarket in terms of achieving sustainable growth in the competitive ambience of the market (Gummesson, 2014). The most common motive in the competitive ambience is to grab hold of the hot seat for the attainment of professional development. This motive would not take the personnel of Oz supermarket to the needs, demands and requirements of the customers. However, revealing persistent efforts in experimenting with the existing products and services would upgrade the standards and quality of marketing. Herein lays the need for evaluation, which would enhance the awareness of the personnel regarding the derived outcome with the identified and specified goals and objectives (Raja et al., 2013). This awareness would be a slow and gradual progression towards the benchmark level of performance. Finance is one of the crucial elements, which helps the personnel to plan better services for the customers. Therefore, prior to introducing new plans, the marketing personnel of Oz supermarket need to speculate the financial condition. This speculation would help in estimating the additional monetary assistance. Indulging in partnership with the trade union members would help the personnel of the supermarket to achieve financial flexibility. This flexibility, in turn, would be assistance in setting reasonable prices of the items (Lee, 2013). This assessment would align with the affordability of the customers, especially the ones belonging to the middle class. Moreover, partnership with the members of the trade union would safeguard the supermarket from scandals and other illegal issues. In order to achieve customer satisfaction, the most important thing is to value the opinions of the customers. For this, eagerness and willingness is required from the personnel for devoting their professionalism towards serving the customers (Wirtz et al., 2013). This is because if customers are happy, they will make more purchases, which will increase the sales revenue and add maximum value to the profit margin. 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